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Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish. The feeds, in the form of granules or pellets, provide the nutrition in a stable and concentrated form, enabling the fish to feed efficiently and grow to their full potential.

Many of the fish farmed more intensively around the world today are carnivorous, for example Atlantic salmon, trout, sea bass, and turbot. In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets. Wheat, for example, is widely used as it helps to bind the ingredients in the pellets.

Other forms of fish feed being used include feeds made entirely with vegetable materials for species such as carp, moist feeds preferred by some species (easier to make but more difficult to store), and trash fish — that is fish caught and fed directly to larger species being raised in aquaculture pens.

Hatchery feeds

Specialised feeds are produced for fish hatcheries. In species such as salmon and trout, the newly hatched fry first feed from their yolk sacs and then can be fed with starter feeds. Marine species such as sea bass, sea bream, flounders and turbot consume the nutrition in their yolk sacs during the first few days post hatching and then are fed for several weeks on live prey,[1] in the form of rotifers and brine shrimp (Artemia). Special feeds can be used to enrich the nutritional value of the prey. Rotifers are usually bred in the hatchery while brine shrimp are generally collected from the wild, e.g. salt lakes. Manufactured feed alternatives to brine shrimp are becoming available, offering more consistent nutrition and improved sustainability as demand increases with the growth of aquaculture.

Development of manufactured feeds

Until the end of World War II most fish hatcheries relied on raw meat (horse meat in particular) as a dietary staple for trout. In the early 1950s, John E. (Red) Hanson, while working for the New Mexico Game and Fish Department, began experimenting with dietary routine and dry pellet formulations. The first fish feed pellets were introduced to hatchery trout at the Red River Hatchery near Taos. The pellets resulted in improved conversion rates of food intake to fish production, and lead in turn to the wider adoption of fish pellets in hatcheries.

The development of dry pelleted fish feeds to date has two themes. One theme is on improving digestibility and refining the balance of nutrients to match the needs of the different species of fish more precisely at different periods of development. The other theme is to improve the sustainability of the ingredients used. This is being achieved mainly by identifying additional sustainable sources of ingredients, in particular to reduce the need for fishmeal and fish oil. Improving the efficiency of feeding also contributes to sustainability.

Dry fish feed pellets

Traditionally two of the most important ingredients have been fishmeal and fish oil. These come mainly from the processing of fish from the wild catch, usually pelagic species that are generally not suited to processing for human consumption. Fish sold for human consumption attract a higher price than those used to make fishmeal. The fishmeal fisheries are often referred to as reduction fisheries. The world's largest reduction fishery is in the Pacific, off the coast of Peru and Chile and is regulated by the governments of those countries. The North Atlantic is another important source of fish for fishmeal and fish oil. Many major suppliers belong to the International Fishmeal and Fish Oil Organisation.

Fishmeal is a brown, flour-like material made by specialist producers that cook, press, dry and grind the fish. The fish oil is effectively a by-product of this process that proves to be a rich source of energy and fatty acids for fish, including the important long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA now linked to the health benefits associated with eating oily fish such as salmon and mackerel. Fish in general also are good sources of many vitamins and minerals and are often recommended as part of a healthy diet by governmental food agencies.

Satta King or Satta Matka is an easy to play online lottery game where each player has to select a number or a pair of numbers from the given range of 00 to 99.

Satta King online is certainly a game of chance which provides a golden opportunity and an imperative chance to win a lot of money and capital to its players. Just like any other gambling game such as online poker, teen patti, and betting on a racehorse.

In order to play the Satta King game any player simply just have to log onto their computer, browse for a reputed and reliable black satta king online website where you’ll see and get to familiar with satta chart, satta result and different sorts of platforms to play the satta king online such as desawar satta, Ghaziabad satta, Satta Bazar online and gali satta all with the help of choosing your winning lucky satta number.

Let’s Play Black Satta King?

The black Satta king or originally known as “Satta Matka” is basically a lottery game based on the outcome probability of the numbers 00 to 99. The satta king online game is pretty simple where all the players are said to place their bets by choosing a single number that falls right in between the range of the above-mentioned numbers. Once the players have chosen their elected number, a bookie will ask them to bet the money on their selected number. After some time, when all bets are in sequence the winning number gets announced and whichever player's number gets drawn out he or she becomes the winner or king of the game. There are various types of satta games available online such as, gali satta, desawar satta, etc. Many people from all backgrounds and nations take part in this gali satta game as it provides the opportunity to live the thrill of life, trying out luck and earning easy money.

The Historical Background of “Satta Matka”

Well, the historical background of the “Satta Matka” or Black Satta King game is quite interesting once you come to know about it. It all started in the 1960s when people used to place their gambling bets on the opening and closing prices of cotton in the market. Then, a simple grocery shop owner from Maharashtra known as “Kalyanji Bhagat” of Worli town started an all week tradition of the lottery game called “Kalyan Worli Matka” for the cotton textile mill workers and the crazy gamblers living in his town. From all those mill workers a lucky satta king was used to win the lottery. Moreover, the poorest of the poor could have taken part in the game as the stakes were as low as 1 rupee.

As there were a lot of textiles mills available in the area, a huge amount of mill workers used to bet their money on the satta matka, bookies opened their shops in and around the cotton mills which further and slowly helped in making the central Mumbai as a major gambling hub in the area. However, the legal authorities and police eventually interfered in the satta business with the help of making raids and arresting major bookies. This helped in causing serious damage to the satta business in the area and forcing the bookies out into neighboring states like Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan and then all over the country. Around the time of the 1990s, it is said that these bookies used to earn an overall turnover of Rs.500 crores. With time and advancement in the technologies, the gali satta bookies used the internet as a platform for doing their business. Where apart from playing satta king online, people could gamble in card games like poker, tin patti, desawar satta, and as well as do betting on cricket matches. Nowadays, you can simply open up your computer or smartphone and gamble all the money you have!!!

How about the different types of Satta King Game?

The “type” refers to the places of the black satta king bookies who are based in and functioning from their establishment located across India. There is a variety of satta king online games available such as Gali Satta, desawar satta, Faridabad Satta, Ghaziabad Satta, and much much more.